I think your issue starts there, you already have to decide how to build your sensor:
If it’s a CMOS sensor how strong do the MOSFETs amplify? That should affect brightness and probably noise.
How quickly do you vertically shift the data rows? The slower the stronger the rolling shutter effect will be.
What are the thresholds in your ADC? Affects the brightness curve.
How do you layout the color filter grid? Will you put in twice as many green sensors compared to blue or red as usual? This should affect the color balance.
How many pixels will you use in the first place? If there is many each will be more noisy, but spacial resolution should be better.
All of these choices will lead to different original 1s and 0s, even before any post-processing.
I think your issue starts there, you already have to decide how to build your sensor:
All of these choices will lead to different original 1s and 0s, even before any post-processing.