I’m a sword guy. I spent over a decade training in historical swordsmanship (mostly European longsword - a mix of Fiore and Lichtenaur; but also a little kenjutsu).
There are so many bad takes about swords out there, but I think my personal “favorites” are about the folded steel technique used to forge katana.
See, to make a good sword, you need good steel which is iron + carbon. More carbon = harder steel. Harder steel is better for holding an edge, but also less flexible and more likely to shatter. All swords, European, Japanese or otherwise had to balance those concerns.
Anyway, in Japan, their katana forging technique used steel with slightly differing carbon amounts wrapped in layers in the blade. This layering had a couple of important metallurgical effects:
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It gave the core steel a more consistent quality. Since the method they had of producing steel contained varying levels of carbon, the repeated layering, folding, heating and hammering evened it out.
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The layering also increased the strength of the steel. By adding layers of high and low carbon steel, the sword smiths could control the flexibility vs strength of the core.
Ok, so without getting too deep in the weeds, that’s (basically speaking) why katana were made of folded steel.
But I have been “informed” by so many people that folded steel:
- Creates an edge like a thousand razor blades!
- Makes katana stronger than modern steel!
- Makes katana stronger than European swords! (steel-wise, it’s a wash, though later blade geometry techniques like fullers arguably give European swords the - ha - edge in durability.)
In summary: katana are great - but not magic! The folded steel technique enabled forging swords of high-quality, consistent steel at a time when that was really hard to do. But that’s it.
/self looks at rant
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The funny part is when you remind the weebs how bad the iron commonly found in Japan was just not great quality and purity which they lacked the know how to correct, so the folding technique was developed to make their steel workable. If European techniques had been used on Japanese Steel, you’d have one very shoddy sword.
I was under the impression the folding technique of Japanese blades was due to the low carbon content and the process of folding included adding carbon to the iron as well as incorporating it throughout the metal.
European iron ore already had larger amounts of carbon which meant the folding and adding carbon process wasn’t required to create a serviceable edge.
It’s a little bit of both.
Iirc, Japanese iron was usually in sand form, gathered, rather than mined. So the raw material was smaller and contained less natural carbon than mined ore.
(Though nobody had near the advantage of Indian steel from the Damasc region - Damascus steel naturally had more carbon in their iron and it made for very high quality steel at the time.)
Anyway, at that time Europe had similar techniques for making iron into steel and normalizing the carbon. They would use more resource-intensive techniques, like stacking rods of wrought iron in a furnace with charcoal, then working the carbon-infused rods to distribute the carbon evenly.
That works great when you have access to millions of square miles of forest (for charcoal) and loads of iron ore.
But it’s not really about whose steel was “the best”, it’s just that the “folding” technique was a metallurgical process and had no impact on the quality of the sword (except insofar as it was turning iron into steel).
Oh for sure on all points.
I was just saying that the intensive folding process wasn’t nearly as necessary for the euro smiths. Especially, as you said, they had more than enough carbon sources to make up for any deficits in their iron sources.
Once the smith turns the raw material into steel, there was very little difference beyond what the final product needed in hardness/flexibility.
Sword Guy, embrace that. TED Talk away, everytime swords are even slightly relevant.
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The whole McDonald’s coffee debacle is constantly misreported, but I think it’s becoming more known that McDonald’s are in fact the bad guys in that one.
You Americans get so obsessed with picking sides, and finding someone to blame. You miss the point.
In every other first world country, this wouldn’t have been a court case, or even news.
When freak accidents happen we don’t look for someone to blame, we treat any victim’s wounds free of charge.
We have public health departments that study accident trends and make precautionary policies to prevent them from happening again.
Stella wouldn’t have had medical bills to sue over.
This is such a weird “america bad” take; having universal healthcare has nothing to do with wanting to hold corporations accountable for their shitty behavior.
Instead we now have ‘warning, hot’ on cups with coffe in them. (It should be hot when I order a hot drink)
That’s the problem with trying to make it fool proof or add foll proof warnings, there will always eb a better fool. Educate the ones that want to be educated and let nature run it’s course. Problems like thise solve themselves. (Although it could get messy)
Her labia fused together. It was just a little ouchie hot, the coffee was being served near boiling.
There are also temperature limits on hot drinks so the drinks aren’t hot enough to literally melt and fuse skin together.
You might want to google that “fact”
There’s no legal maximum temperature in the US.
Coffee and tea are routinely served at temperatures that can cause severe burns in seconds. Starbucks, today, normally serves their steeped teas at around 200°F. That 10°F hotter than the 180-190°F that was McDonald’s policy at the time of the Stella Liebeck case.
To prevent scalding and burns, the WHO recommends water be no hotter than 60°C (140°F). Most customers would complain if coffee and tea was mandated to be served at a ‘safe’ temperature.
When freak accidents happen we don’t look for someone to blame, we treat any victim’s wounds free of charge.
We have public health departments that study accident trends and make precautionary policies to prevent them from happening again.
This wasn’t a freak accident and McDonald’s had been warned repeatedly about the temperature of their coffee being dangerous. This is why the victim was awarded so much, McDonald’s was being intentionally negligent with their coffee to save a few pennies per customer. You act like you can just hit someone with a car in a place with universal healthcare and it’s ok because no hospital bill.
Oh, FFS… Have you ever read what actually happened?
Yes, she politely asked get medical costs covered. McDonald’s told her to go pound sand. The ensuing lawsuit uncovered the fact that McDonald’s was intentionally serving coffee way above a safe temperature for consumption, and that they’d been warned about the potential for injury. The judgement–most of which was overturned on appeal–was because McDonald’s was engaging in bad behavior intentionally that cause injury. Most of the award wasn’t to cover medical expenses, but to send a “fuck you” to McDonald’s so that they would stop doing something incredibly dangerous.
What he is saying is that her initial lawsuit was over medical expenses. Which would have been covered so she would never have even initiated a suit for McDonald’s to say no to.
freak accidents
At least you’ve made it abundantly clear that your smug little own here is being argued from easily the worst possible position. This was not a freak accident. The event itself was not caused by a lack of government subsidized healthcare.
This event was made an inevitability by a corporation that sees people as barely human. They knew what they were doing, they did not care. Beyond that, expecting the United States government to reign in a multibillion dollar company is entirely unrealistic. Money talks extremely loudly.
And to cap it off - can we talk about how fucked up it is that you read the OP comment, thought about it for a bit, and put that out into the world? Dude. Her fucking vulva more or less completely fused together, and you saw it as a prime opportunity to brag about how great your healthcare is?
If any other first world country had a megacorporation that directly caused traumatic injury to someone? Yeah. It would be news.
This was not a freak accident
I curious what makes you say that?
Yes, McDonald’s did have 700 reports of people receiving burns from their coffee…
The part most people don’t pay attention to is that was nationwide over a 10 year period.
That’s about 1 burn a week, yes some were serious 3rd degree burns, but most were not.
When they were serving literally 10s of millions of cups of coffee a week they we’re getting about 1 report a week.
1 in 10 million meets my definition of a freak accident. There could have been 100x that many reports of coffee burn injuries and I would still call it a freak accident.
I’m not supporting McDonald’s in this case. And I’m definitely not blaming Stella. Her wounds were very very severe.
Part of the reason they were so severe is because the highly absorbent sweatpants she was wearing kept the coffee trapped against her skin for at least 30 seconds. Should we blame the manufacturer of the pants too? I don’t think anyone studied it. But I’m willing to bet that at least 1 in 10 million pairs of sweatpants have contributed to severe burn scalding injuries.
She burned herself by pulling the cup over when she was pulling on a tab to open the lid of the cup, (a cup which BTW did actually have a warning about the coffee being hot printed on it). Should whoever designed the lid be blamed? Cup design has been at the centre of other burn lawsuits.
A younger more able person probably would have been able to remove their pants quickly but Stella was 79 at the time. She wasn’t driving, the car was parked. Most people could have gotten out of the car and gotten their pants off quick, but not in Stella’s case she wasn’t capable of mitigating her injuries. Should we argue that old or mobility limited individuals should only be allowed to drink luke warm beverages?
McDonald’s policy at the time was to hold coffee at 180-190°F. We don’t know the temperature of her cup specifically, but let’s assume it’s in that area. If that’s so dangerous, as her lawyer argued, why isn’t that illegal today? Starbucks holds coffee at that temperature today, they normally serve it a bit cooler, at about 170°F, but you can ask for it extra hot and they’ll serve it at that temperature. Starbucks also serves their tea at 200+°F today. If this wasn’t a freak accident and companies should know better, why is it common practice for franchises today to still serve coffee and tea at these hot temperatures?
The fact is, injuries from overly hot beverages are rare, and severe injuries like the kind Stella had are even more rare. You can’t prevent those sorts of 1 in a million+ accidents. Any precautions you might take to prevent them, tend to create a new extremely unlikely risks of some other injury. Sometimes bad things happen, it doesn’t need to be someone’s fault. If we focus less on who’s fault it is and ensure care for those who suffer from them, regardless of circumstances. You can look at what will actually make a meaningful impact.
Her whole story became national news because Stella needed to sue someone to pay her medical bills. If she didn’t need to do that, no one would even know her name.
If you want to make the argument that McDonald’s should have offered to cover her 20k$ medical bills from the first meeting,instead of making the tiny settlement offer they did make go right ahead. I’m not defending McDonald’s handling of the case.
I’m only arguing that not everything needs to be someone’s fault. This perpetual need to always blame someone when something bad happens makes it more difficult to look at prevention.
American healthcare is bad and yet you are still completely wrong
That’s a long way to say I don’t really know the details of this case and will just follow the narrative McDonald’s wants me to…
If you believe there are details about the case that I don’t understand, feel free to enlighten me.
McDonald’s had multiple incidents where they were ORDERED by courts to stop holding the coffee at an unsafe temperature, and they chose intentionally to disregard that.
So McDonald’s chose to disregard human safety and legal orders. Hence the massive punitive fine.
I am aware that McDonald’s did have 700 claims nationwide from burns from coffee in the 10 years between 1984 and 1994.
But I can’t find anywhere where they were ordered by courts to lower the temperature. Can you provided a link to one of these cases where they were ordered to lower the temperature and they disregard that?
You seem quite interested in this topic, and I’m sure you’ll enjoy the process of continuing your research :-)
Sounds to me like you are just a shill for Burgerking…no…wait…Wendy’s. Yeah, your a fucking Wendy’s hand. I knew it.
Huh. We really are screwed on so many levels. Thanks for that realization.
That their religion was all about love.
Which religion lol
Soooo edgy
there are a few valid reasons to take issue with certain religions besides just “being edgy” - most have stuff in their scripture and doctrines that’s unpalatable to the common unaffiliated person.
This is the short version of my comment where I don’t cite a wide range of questionable passages from several religions. I’m trying to hold myself back. If you DM me wanting to get into it I’ll be polite
How is stating a fact edgy?
I used to work with this old guy. He was one of those dudes that was insufferable, but at work he was a semi-interesting story teller. But really it was because his desk was next to the back door exit. If you wanted to sneak out, you had to do it past his desk. And you had to be on his good side to avoid any leaky mouths…
Anyway, this one time I was sneaking out, it was summer. And he had the door open to let some fresh air in. In its place he had mounted a makeshift screen to keep the flies out. But this screen wasn’t quite tall enough and left the top foot of the door wide open. I had already seen a fly as I came down the hall, so when I saw his construction job, I’d found the reason…
So I said, “hey nice screen.” He says oh yeah, blah blah. Blah blah. Then I sort of point out the missing gap above the screen… he gets real serious and says:
“Flies can’t fly more than 6 feet off the ground.”
I had so many questions. What about flies on a mountain? What about flies inside a skyscraper? My head was salivating for more chunks of juicy knowledge from this guy… but alas I had my sneaky schedule to keep, and I said wow, cool. And left.
But the confidence from this guy could not be matched.
So, I was curious and decided to look it up. Turns out most flying insects are dependent on air temperature! As long as the air is above about 50F, they can fly in it.
So… If the top of your screen is high enough that it’s less than fifty up there, you’re good! 😄
Flies are pretty much international though, it’s really really unlikely they use something as outdated as Fahrenheit, let’s face it
international
The proper term is cosmopolitan. I mean, in case anyone cares lol
Arguably, the “ground” is relative. Second floor? Theres still a floor, which is a ground if you didn’t know otherwise. Presumably this power is not sea level sensitivity.
However, I’ve seen flies walking on ceilings, which are usually 8 ft. So…
They flew 6 feet up the wall, and then climbed to the ceiling 🙃
Maybe as it was walking on the ceiling it counted the ceiling as the ground as it was below its feet, or it counted the floor on the other side as ground. They aren’t really the smartest of creatures, so who knows.
Trying to remember 100% when I’ve seen a fly upstairs. Pretty sure I must have but now I’m questioning…
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Can they go up stairs if they just do 1 at a time to go no higher than 6 feet?
I’m curious to know why he left the gap. Like, was it on purpose to see who would ask so he could flex his worldly knowledge or?
I can see the possible information he garbled. I can easily see flies not generally flying over a few meters in height. Their food is generally low down, as is cover to hide in. If they flew higher then they would be at risk of both predictors (bats and birds) and cold, for no real gain.
There might have been a scientific paper that noted the fly’s (self imposed) height limit. “Generally like to stay below 2m” became "can’t fly above 6’ via junk science reporting.
I might be completely wrong. But I do find it interesting to try and reverse how the various insane “facts” that some people come out with come from.
2020 election was stolen.
It wasn’t from a lack of trying…
He did literally have a team of lawyers and fellow Republicans trying to help with the lazy coup, but he still could have put in a lot more effort.
/sarcasm/Good news, in 2024 it looks like he’ll get another chance!/sarcasm/
That the leader of a bee hive can’t be female because the gods don’t give women weapons, and that the drones can’t be male because they take care of the young.
Not only did Aristotle writing this in Generation of all Animals cause misinformation around this to spread for literally centuries on end, including the presumed gendering of a ‘king’ leading the hive to be used to argue for a patriarchal dynastic monarchy as part of God’s design - the wildest part is he acknowledged that other people were saying that the hive had a queen and the drones were male.
Dude was straight up like “some people say…but this can’t be the case because of my commitment to misogyny which ignores things like lionesses existing.”
I fucking hate Aristotle so much. Like, even though I understand that people who lived 2000 years ago have different views than me, he’s just so infuriatingly boomery.
He’s also incredibly smart in other ways. It’s just the bad parts that get more press. And he’s bound be wrong a bit considering the amount of things he wrote about.
Wow they screwed that all up.
Drones do not take care of the young. At all. Literally all the drones do is eat and roam the hive until breeding season, then they get it on and die alone since their hive won’t let them return after they copulated, and if there ever become too many drones the workers chase them out and kill them if they try to return. Different species do it a bit differently but in general the drones are the first to be culled if resources ever get low. The only major exception is if a hive lost their queen, some workers can lay unfertilized eggs which develop into male drones to pass on the genetic diversity of the hive, as they anticipate dying out without a queen and no eggs young and healthy enough to rear new ones.
Drones die after mating, as the act of mating kills them. It’s not the hive rejecting them.
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drone_(bee)
The process of ejaculation is explosive—semen is blasted through the queen’s sting chamber and into the oviduct. The process is sometimes audible to the human ear, akin to a “popping” sound. The ejaculation is so powerful that it ruptures the endophallus, disconnecting the drone from the queen. The bulb of the endophallus is broken off inside of the queen during mating—so drones mate only once, and die shortly after.
Boy, i sure hope someone got fired for that blunder
I was told two hours ago that Antarctica is bigger than all other continents combined, when I said that’s not possible I was told to google it.
It’s the largest desert, and bigger than all other deserts combined (if you don’t count the arctic as a desert, since it’s [mostly] floating ice). That’s the best explanation of their mistake.
Fyi, I did Google it. Antarctica is the 4th biggest, after Asia, North America, and South America. It’s also the 3rd smallest.
You missed the second biggest
Sounds like something a flat Earther would say
That renewables are bad for the environment.
Evidence? These dozen or so dead birds next to a wind turbine.
Pay no mind to those billions of creatures that died due to that oil spill in the ocean.
“Burning wood doesn’t contribute to climate change” - Drax power station, endorsed by UK government
That mechanical watches are more accurate than quartz watches, which is why they’re so expensive. It’s not even a close race.
When you buy a mechanical watch they warn you about the accuracy of a second a day.
But these watches are a mechanical masterpiece.
Like being proud enough of a “chronometer” certification to write it on the front face - congratulations on passing the -4 to +6 seconds per day test, Rolex!
Glass is a liquid.
A lot of this myth comes from poor glass making techniques from 200+ years ago that resulted in windows with uneven thicknesses.
https://www.cmog.org/article/does-glass-flow
They say no, but then they say it would flow 10 angstroms in 14 billion years. So the answer is technically yes but practically no.
If you get it hot enough…
I read recently that glass is five times stronger than steel, and its brittleness is because of impurities and flaws caused by the manufacturing process. With modern manufacturing techniques we can remove those and make glass the perfect construction material.
Jury’s still out on that one, but I’ll be interested to see where it goes.
Not saying it’s true. But technically you can make a prince Rupert drop that’s stronger than some steel
It probably depends on the definition of stronger. Concrete is stronger in compression. If weight ratios are used then glass could win due to being lighter.
This one is kinda sorta true if liquid simply means not absolutely solid. It’s kinda like tar, or gum; solid but somewhat malleable.
I heard this one recently from the person leading a historical tour. I looked around and everyone in the group was just nodding like, “oh, how interesting!”
A frog that is gradually heated will jump out the water. Furthermore, a frog placed into already boiling water will die immediately, not jump out.
How did you find out
Non joke answer, the original experiment basically lobotomized the frogs.
Basic biology. Frogs are poikilotherms.
It’s still a great metaphor / cautionary tale.
A friend of mine was convinced that the “middle ear canal” goes all the way through your skull in a more or less straight line, connecting your ears. Y’know, because otherwise you wouldn’t be able to hear sounds to the right of you with your left ear or vice versa. Maybe HE had such a thing where the brain was supposed to be…
Dude heard the phrase “goes in one ear and out the other” and took it literally.
That bumblebees shouldn’t be able to fly.
To be fair that’s true if you only talk about aerodynamics. But by the same logic helicopters can’t fly either.
Helicopters can’t fly, silly.
They’re just so ugly that the ground repels them.
You know what’s dumb about helicopters?
They could just remove that giant rotating fan above it and put in cockpit air conditioning.
Think how much quieter and cooler it would be, not to mention the fuel savings!
Wouldnt work. How would they keep the birds away without those fans?
They could put some of those electricity generating wind turbines on the roof which kill birds.
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That butterflies technically can’t fly. But that they do proves there’s a god, creating miracles.
Modern aeronautics can explain exactly how a butterfly can float in the sir.
Oh, the one random person from my childhood who said that black men looked like gorillas, which means they’re stupid and violent. Mexican men looked like coyotes, which meant they’re sneaky and conniving. And white men probably had a similar flaw, but since she was white, she didn’t know what it was.
That sir must be very low density and extremely fluid.
I heard the butterfly thing, but relating to bees.
I’ll add another bee one to the pile; I had a lady very confidently tell me that you don’t see bees during the winter because they migrate. I wanted to correct her, but all I could think of was Monty Python. “Are you suggesting bees migrate‽” it’s also hard to explain that they also don’t hibernate, but create a sort of space heater around the queen.
